Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) are commonly used in MRIs to make images clearer. The gadolinium in these agents is usually tightly bound to other molecules and leaves the body without harming most people.
However, studies have found that tiny gadolinium particles can remain in the kidneys, brain, blood, and urine for years, even in people without symptoms.
Scientists are trying to figure out why some people get sick while most don’t and how gadolinium particles break free from the molecules they’re attached to. Interestingly, nearly half of the patients in studies had only been exposed to GBCAs once, suggesting something amplifies the body’s reaction.
It may be related to the formation of nanoparticles. When these particles get inside cells, they trigger signals that make the body respond, which could explain the heightened effects in some people.
Improving MRIs with modern simulations
Researchers at the University of New Mexico have discovered that oxalic acid, a common molecule found in foods like spinach and nuts, can cause gadolinium — a toxic metal used in MRI scans — to form nanoparticles in human tissues. These nanoparticles have been linked to serious health issues, including kidney damage.
The study, led by Dr. Brent Wagner, sheds light on how these particles form and their potential risks.
Oxalic acid binds to metals and can lead to kidney stones by attaching to calcium. The body also produces oxalic acid when consuming vitamin C-rich foods or supplements.
In their experiments, the researchers discovered that oxalic acid can cause small amounts of gadolinium from MRI contrast agents to form nanoparticles. These nanoparticles can then enter the cells of various organs.
The study suggests that some individuals may be more prone to this due to their metabolic environment, such as high oxalic acid levels, which could explain why some experience severe symptoms while others remain unaffected.
This discovery offers hope for reducing the risks linked to MRI scans. Researchers are now working on identifying individuals who may be more vulnerable to gadolinium contrast agents. They’re creating an international patient registry, collecting blood, urine, fingernails, and hair samples. These samples may help detect gadolinium buildup in the body, leading to better prevention strategies.
Journal Reference:
- Ian Henderson, Angelica Benevidez, Curtis Mowry, et al. Precipitation of gadolinium from magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents may be the Brass tacks of toxicity. Magnetic Resonance Imaging. DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2025.110383
Source: Tech Explorist
