Mpox is caused by the Orthopoxvirus monkeypox, formerly “monkeypox virus.” This is a zoonotic virus in the genus Orthopoxvirus, which is part of the same family of viruses as smallpox. The virus spreads through close contact with an infected person or animal or with contaminated materials, including bodily fluids, respiratory droplets, and lesion material.
The disease was first identified in monkeys in 1958 when outbreaks occurred in colonies of laboratory monkeys. The initial cases were observed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(formerly Zaire) in 1970, when a 9-year-old boy was diagnosed with the disease.
Symptoms:
- The most common symptoms are fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, swollen lymph nodes, chills, exhaustion,
- A rash that spreads on the face to other body parts turning into fluid-filled blisters that eventually scab over.
- Exposure to symptoms usually appears within 5 to 21 days after exposure and can last 2 to 4 weeks.
Prevention:
- Vaccination: The smallpox vaccine is effective in preventing mpox. In some cases, people at high risk of exposure may receive the vaccine as a preventive measure.
- Avoiding Contact: Reduce contact with animals that could carry the virus, especially in areas where mpox is known to occur. Avoid handling or eating animals that appear sick.
- Protective Measures: Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and masks when caring for someone who is in a mood or handling their belongings.
- Isolation: If infected, individuals should isolate themselves from others to prevent the spread of the virus.
- Monitoring Health: Be alert to symptoms and seek medical attention if you suspect you have been exposed to mop or are showing symptoms.
Following these measures can help reduce the risk of contracting or spreading mpox.
Recently, the World Health Organization(WHO) declared the reappearance of mpox(formerly known as monkeypox) in Africa as a” public health emergency of international concern”(PHEIC). This declaration was made due to a significant increase in cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo(DRC) and its spread to neighboring countries.
The new outbreak is particularly concerning because it involves a new strain, clade 1b, which is spreading through sexual networks. The WHO emphasized the need for a coordinated global response to manage the outbreak and prevent further international spread.